According to tradition, there would have been many coronations with the precious diadem.
To remain in the Middle Ages, besides those of the Lombard kings, those of Charlemagne (800) and Conrad of Lorraine (1093).
Among the safest, as reported by sources, should be mentioned at least those of:
- Conrad III of Swabia, grandson of Henry IV and opponent of the emperor Lothair, crowned in 1128 in the Church of San Michele in Monza;
- Frederick I Barbarossa, crowned at Monza in 1158, during his second descent into Italy;
- Henry VI of Hohenstaufen, son of Barbarossa, crowned at Monza in 1186 on the occasion of his marriage to Constance d’Altavilla;
- Charles IV of Luxembourg, crowned in 1355 in the Basilica of Sant’Ambrogio in Milan;
- Charles V of Habsburg, King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor, crowned in 1530 in Bologna by Pope Clement VII;
- Napoleon I Bonaparte, crowned in 1805 in the Duomo of Milan: during the ceremony he would have said the famous phrase “God gave it to me, woe to those who touch it!” ;
- Ferdinand I of Austria, crowned in 1838 king of the Lombardo-Veneto in the cathedral of Milan.
As for the Savoy, the Iron Crown was not worn by any of them, although it was displayed in Rome as a royal insignia on the occasion of the funeral of Vittorio Emanuele II (1878), who had established in his honour the Order of the Crown of Italy, of Umberto I (1900), who had been assassinated in the crown city of Monza.
